Recent advancements in cancer treatment have emerged from researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati (IIT-G) and the Bose Institute, Kolkata. They have developed an innovative injectable hydrogel that offers localised treatment for cancer, particularly breast cancer. This hydrogel acts as a stable reservoir for anti-cancer drugs, releasing them in a controlled manner while protecting healthy cells from damage. The findings were published in the journal Materials Horizons, indicating leap forward in cancer therapy.
What is the Hydrogel?
The hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network that is water-based. It is designed to absorb and retain fluids, mimicking living tissues. This unique structure makes it suitable for various biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery systems.
Composition of the Hydrogel
The hydrogel is composed of ultra-short peptides, which are biocompatible and biodegradable protein building blocks. Its formulation ensures that it remains insoluble in biological fluids, allowing it to stay localised at the injection site.
Mechanism of Action
The hydrogel is engineered to respond to elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), a molecule commonly found in tumour cells. When the hydrogel encounters high GSH levels, it triggers a controlled release of the chemotherapy drug directly into the tumour, minimising interaction with healthy tissues and reducing systemic side effects.
Efficacy in Preclinical Trials
In preclinical trials involving a murine model of breast cancer, the hydrogel demonstrated remarkable efficacy. A single injection containing the chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin resulted in approximately 75% reduction in tumour size within just 18 days.
Advantages Over Traditional Treatments
This hydrogel delivery system enhances drug effectiveness while reducing the required dosage, which helps to minimise toxicity. It improves drug uptake by cancer cells, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes programmed cell death, attacking tumours on multiple fronts.
- GSH – Glutathione, a molecule abundant in tumour cells.
- Doxorubicin – A chemotherapy drug used in the hydrogel.
- IIT-G – Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, a leading research institution.
- Murine model – A research model using mice for preclinical trials.
- Biocompatible – Materials that are compatible with living tissue.
Future Implications of the Research
The researchers believe this hydrogel could change the landscape of cancer treatment. The ability to deliver drugs precisely to the tumour site while sparing healthy cells may lead to improved patient outcomes and fewer side effects compared to conventional therapies. The innovative approach exemplifies how scientific advancements can address critical healthcare challenges.
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