Mining Ban Near Chittorgarh Fort

The Rajasthan government is contemplating a complete ban on mining activities within a 10-kilometre radius of the Chittorgarh Fort. This UNESCO World Heritage site is at the centre of a legal dispute involving Birla Corporation Limited and the state. The Supreme Court has been involved since the Rajasthan High Court’s 2012 ruling that prohibited mining near the fort.

About Chittorgarh Fort

Chittorgarh Fort is the largest fort complex in India, featuring a 700-acre structure.

It has 65 historic structures, including around 20 large temples. There are also about six palaces, memorials, and towers built to celebrate victories.

Some of the famous ones are Rani Padmini’s Palace, Fateh Prakash Palace Museum, and the tall Vijay Stambh.

Legal Background

The legal battle began with the Rajasthan High Court’s ruling in 2012. The court prohibited mining and blasting within a 10-kilometre radius of Chittorgarh Fort, citing concerns over structural integrity and environmental impact. Birla Corporation Limited challenged this ruling, leading to the current Supreme Court proceedings.

Scientific Study Ordered

The Supreme Court directed the Indian Institute of Technology – Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, to conduct a scientific study on mining impacts. Their report, submitted in January 2024, suggested that controlled blasting beyond a 5-kilometre radius could be permitted without risk to the fort.

Criticism of the IIT Report

The IIT report faced substantial criticism from various stakeholders. Experts argued it did not adhere to established protocols for blast impact studies. Key issues included inadequate analysis of soil and rock structures and insufficient long-term monitoring. Critics claimed the report’s definition of controlled blasting was vague and unverified.

Expert Opinions

Several institutions, including the Central Building Research Institute (CBRI) and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), have expressed concerns about mining’s impact. They brought into light the fort’s fragile condition and its vulnerability to vibrations from blasting activities. Their reports generally support restrictions on mining in the area.

Environmental Concerns

Mining activities pose environmental risks. Local rivers, such as Bedach and Gambhiri, are affected by mining operations. Testimonies from public hearings indicated pollution from mining operations, violating the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

Scale of Mining Activities

Mining in the Chittorgarh district is extensive. Major limestone leases cover 4,360 hectares and produce over 11 million tonnes annually. Minor mineral leases span 260 hectares, contributing an additional 5.2 million tonnes through open-cast methods. This scale raises further concerns about environmental degradation and structural safety.